Management
Before the Industrial Revolution people worked with hand tools, manufacturing articles in their own homes or in small shops. In the third quarter of the 18th cent. steam power was applied to machinery, and people and machines were brought together under one roof in factories, where the manufacturing process could be supervised. This was the beginning of shop management. In the next hundred years factories grew rapidly in size, in degree of mechanization, and in complexity of operation. The growth, however, was accompanied by much waste and inefficiency. In the United States many engineers, spurred by the increased competition of the post-Civil War era, began to seek ways of improving plant efficiency....
Marketing
MARKETING [marketing] in economics, that part of the process of production and exchange that is concerned with the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer. In popular usage it is defined as the distribution and sale of goods, distribution being understood in a broader sense than the technical economic one. Marketing includes the activities of all those engaged in the transfer of goods from producer to consumer—not only those who buy and sell directly, wholesale and retail, but also those who develop, warehouse, transport, insure, finance, or promote the product, or otherwise have a hand in the process of transfer. In a modern capitalist economy, where nearly all production is intended for a market, such activities are just as important as the manufacture of the goods. It is estimated in the United States that approximately 50% of the retail price paid for a commodity is made up of the cost of marketing....
Marriage-Wedding
MARRIAGE [marriage] socially sanctioned union that reproduces the family . In all societies the choice of partners is generally guided by rules of exogamy (the obligation to marry outside a group); some societies also have rules of endogamy (the obligation to marry within a group). These rules may be prescriptive or, as in the case of the incest taboo, proscriptive; they generally apply to kinship groups such as clan or lineage; residential groups; and social groups such as the ethnic group, caste or class.....
Martial-Arts
MARTIAL ARTS [martial arts] various forms of self-defense, usually weaponless, based on techniques developed in ancient China, India, and Tibet. In modern times they have come into wide use for self-protection, as competitive sports, and for exercise....
Medicine
Prehistoric skulls found in Europe and South America indicate that Neolithic man was already able to trephine, or remove disks of bone from, the skull successfully, but whether this delicate operation was performed to release evil spirits or as a surgical procedure is not known. Empirical medicine developed in ancient Egypt, and involved the use of many potent drugs still in use today, such as castor oil, senna, opium, colchicine, and mercury. In spite of their skill in embalming, however, the Egyptians had little knowledge of anatomy....
Meditation
What you focus on determines your reality because your mind becomes active in acquiring and bringing into your reality the things that you focus on you bring into your experience what you focus on. If you focus on lack, limitation, negativity, and scarcity, then that is what you bring into your experience. If you focus on abundance, expansion, positive things, and plenty, then that is what you bring into your experience....
Mobile-Cell-Phone
CELLULAR TELEPHONE [cellular telephone] or cellular radio, telecommunications system in which a portable or mobile radio transmitter and receiver, or "telephone," is linked via microwave radio frequencies to base transmitter and receiver stations that connect the user to a conventional telephone network. The geographic region served by a cellular system is subdivided into areas called cells. Each cell has a central base station and two sets of assigned transmission frequencies; one set is used by the base station, and the other by mobile telephones....
Mortgage-Refinance
MORTGAGE [mortgage] in law, device for protecting a creditor by giving him an interest in property of his debtor. In common law a mortgage was a conditional sale; i.e., the mortgagor (debtor) sold realty (real property mortgage) or personal property (chattel mortgage), but if the debtor paid the debt by a certain time the sale was voided. The mortgagee (creditor) held legal title, the mortgagor equitable title; both estates were salable. Today Great Britain and a majority of states in the United States view mortgages as liens on property.....
Motivation
MOTIVATION [motivation] in psychology, the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior. Some human activity seems to be best explained by postulating an inner directing drive. While a drive is often considered to be an innate biological mechanism that determines the organism's activity.....
Motorcycles
MOTORCYCLE [motorcycle] motor vehicle whose design is based on the bicycle. The German inventor Gottlieb Daimler is generally credited with building the first practical motorcycle in 1885. The motorcycle did not become dependable and popular, however, until after 1900. The typical motorcycle has an air-cooled engine supported in a metal frame between two wheels. Sometimes a third wheel is added to support an open carriage, called a sidecar, which is attached to the motorcycle.....
Music
This immortal line taken from Don McClean’s classic “American Pie” unintentionally foresaw the state of the popular music industry nowadays. The onslaught of file-sharing, downloading and burning of popular music have the charts being reduced to the most popular download heading the list. Therefore, reducing the concept of popular music into a three-minute file. You could say that this has really taken us back to the fifties when Rock’n’Roll first hit and the youth market first clamoured for that latest three minute song from Chuck Berry or the like and laid the foundation of the record shop as we know it. Whereas in the fifties the case was demand outweighing the supply forcing home grown talent to mimic the sounds coming from the USA and becoming popular in their own right. Todays situation seems to have a slightly different twist....
